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Welcome to the Backend Engineering Show podcast with your host Hussein Nasser. If you like software engineering you’ve come to the right place. I discuss all sorts of software engineering technologies and news with specific focus on the backend. All opinions are my own. Most of my content in the podcast is an audio version of videos I post on my youtube channel here http://www.youtube.com/c/HusseinNasser-software-engineering Buy me a coffee https://www.buymeacoffee.com/hnasr 🧑‍🏫 Courses I Te ...
 
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Andre Wyatts (@blanknaem) and Ryan Tanner (@RTanner1337) take a look at the start of the week to the end of the week at the end of the week. A look back at the week that was and then some. Email backended@blanknaem.com if you think there's something we should look at, or hit up our Twitter accounts!
 
Welcome to the Building the Backend Podcast! We’re a data podcast focused on uncovering the data technologies, processes, and patterns that are driving today’s most successful companies. You will hear from data leaders sharing their knowledge and insights with what’s working and what’s not working for them. Our goal is to bring you valuable insights that will save you and your team time when building a modern data architecture in the cloud. Topics will span from big data, AI, ML, governance, ...
 
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Get my database engineering course https://database.husseinnasser.com In this video I do a deep dive in all locks obtained by postgres, I learned a lot while making this video and hope you enjoy it. 0:00 Intro 2:30 What are Locks? 5:30 Overview of Postgres Locks 9:10 Table-Level Locks 11:40 ACCESS EXCLUSIVE 17:40 ACCESS SHARE 19:00 ROW SHARE 20:15 …
 
Pinterest moves to HTTP/3 on all their clients and edge CDNs this year. They witnessed interesting gains but not without good lesson learned. The main one was the mismatch of alt-svc vs DNS ttls.I cover this on the next episode of the backend engineering course.0:00 Intro2:00 Moving h2 to h3 through alt-svc5:00 Why HTTP/36:00 HTTP/1 vs HTTP/29:00 T…
 
On March 7 2023, Loom users started seeing each others data as a result of cookies getting leaked from the CDN. This loom security breach is really critical. Let us discuss 0:00 Intro 1:00 Why Cookies 2:00 How this happens 5:50 What caused it? 7:30 How Loom solved it? 8:20 Reading the RCA 10:30 Remedies…
 
Discord engineering goes into details of how they migrated from Cassandra to ScyllaDB, improved the performance of their reads and writes and rearchitected their backend to support the new load. It is an interesting episode lets get into it 0:00 Intro 1:50 Relational vs Distributed 7:00 The Cassandra Troubles 11:00 SnowFlake vs UUID 14:30 B+Tree 19…
 
Creating a listener on the backend application that accepts connections is simple. You listen on an address-port pair, connection attempts to that address and port will get added to an accept queue; The application accepts connections from the queue and start reading the data stream sent on the connection. However, what part of your application doe…
 
The Alt-Svc header/frame is a capability that allows the server to adverse alternative services to the connected application available in protocols, ports or domains. It is available as a response header alt-svc and also as an HTTP/2 frame. Let us discuss this capability. 0:00 Intro 1:38 what is alt-svc? 5:30 uses of h3 in alt-svc 8:00 alt-svc head…
 
Correction: Google is implementing the proposal originally submitted by researchers from Georgia institute of tech. I incorrectly said in the video that google is proposing this . Google is finally implementing a proposal from 2008 by researchers from Georgia institute of technology to make DNS cache poisoning . https://astrolavos.gatech.edu/articl…
 
https://dropbox.tech/infrastructure/increasing-magic-pocket-write-throughput-by-removing-our-ssd-cache-disks In this episode of the backend engineering show I’ll discuss how Dropbox improved their write through put by 20% by removing all their SSDs (yes I was surprised too). DropBox uses an SSD layer as a write-back cache with SMR drives as their b…
 
The communication between backend applications and database systems always fascinated me. The protocols keep evolving and we are in constant search for an efficient protocol that best fit the workload of Backend-DB communication. In this episode of the backend engineering show I go through a blog written by @PlanetScale doing an experimentation of …
 
Fundamentals of Database Engineering udemy course (link redirects to udemy with coupon) https://database.husseinnasser.com Shopify posted a blog on tips to for scalable payment system, one tip peeked my interest related to switching from UUID to ULID. I explore the reasoning behind this in this video. https://shopify.engineering/building-resilient-…
 
I’m a big believer that database systems share similar core fundamentals at their storage layer and understanding them allows one to compare different DBMS objectively. For example, How documents are stored in MongoDB is no different from how MySQL or PostgreSQL store rows. Everything goes to disk, the trick is to fetch what you need from disk effi…
 
The User Interface/User Experience has great impact on the backend architecture and scalability. In this podcast I discuss three UI/UX that affected backend design and scalability. 0:00 Intro 1:40 UI vs UX 4:30 Google Chrome OmniBox 12:30 1 out of X Page 20:00 YouTube Notification Resources https://blog.apnic.net/2020/08/21/chromiums-impact-on-root…
 
In this video I explain how DHCP work and how it updates DNS entries for new hosts joining the network. I'll also mention Zero Config 0:00 Intro 1:00 the Network configuration 6:00 Showing DHCP in Wireshark 6:30 DHCP Discover 14:40 DHCP Offer 19:00 DHCP Request 21:30 DHCP ACK 22:00 How DHCP Updates DNS 26:15 Zero Configuration (mDNS, Link-local) Re…
 
Fundamentals of Backend Engineering Design patterns udemy course (link redirects to udemy with coupon)https://backend.husseinnasser.comCertificates provide a way to authenticate both the server and the client and are included as part of the TLS handshake. However, the certificates can be large because the full certificate chain is included in the h…
 
Google recent paper on protective load balancing in TCP attempts to improve packet drops and latency by making the host change the flow path using the IPv6 Flow label. The Linux kernels gets the PLB support in Linux 6.2 this December, let us discuss with this is.
 
In this episode of the backend engineering show I go through an article I wrote discussing NodeJS Asynchronous I/O https://medium.com/@hnasr/when-nodejs-i-o-blocks-327f8a36fbd4 Learn the fundamentals of network engineering, get my udemy course https://network.husseinnasser.com Buy me a coffee if you liked this https://www.buymeacoffee.com/hnasr 0:0…
 
Buy me a coffee if you liked this https://www.buymeacoffee.com/hnasr In this podcast I explain the NGINX internal process architecture, how NGINX spins up multiple processes per core, how each process is pinned to a CPU core for minimum context switching, how NGINX accepts connections , parses requests and talks to the backend. Get my introduction …
 
Cloudflare identified several limitations in NGINX architecture and decided to write their own reverse proxy.0:00 Intro1:53 What NGINX is used for3:37 NGINX Architecture7:52 NGINX Limitations17:12 Cloudflare PingoraBuy me a coffee if you liked thishttps://www.buymeacoffee.com/hnasrFundamentals of Networking for Effective Backends udemy course (link…
 
In this episode of the backend engineering show I discuss the evolution of multi-threading apps, their pros and cons and then I go through 5 threading model and how they interleave with backend connection management between the threads and requests handlings. EnjoyTo learn more about networking fundamentals check out my udemy course Fundamentals of…
 
Memcached is an in memory cache with one major feature be a transient cache. Memcached has a very simple design. It was originally designed to help with database load by storing the query result in memory to avoid further querying the database. By default it has no authentication, a simple text protocols, servers don’t talk to each other. This vide…
 
In this episode of the backend engineering show I go through the main job of the network interface controller (NIC for short) and how the datacenter is pushing it to the limit by allowing it to do more TCP/IP processing, creating what is being popularized as smartNIC. 0:00 Intro 1:20 What is a NIC? 3:40 NIC job 8:00 When does the OS get involved 12…
 
In this episode of the backend engineering show I discuss consistent hashing a very important algorithm in distributed computing specially in database systems such as Apache Cassandra and DynamoDB.0:00 Intro2:00 Problem of Distributed Systems5:00 When to Distribute7:00 Simple Hashing9:30 Where Simple Hashing Breaks11:40 Consistent Hashing18:00 Addi…
 
In this episode of the backend engineering show I go through and discuss the Homa Protocol paper which attempts to replace TCP as a protocol in the data centers. I learned a lot from this paper, I have my criticisms of certain aspects, timestamps for topics discussed below. It appears there is a path to replace TCP in the datacenter and professor J…
 
ByteDance, the company behind TikTok is proposing few patches to the linux kernel to make kernel reboots via kexec go from 500ms down to 15 ms saving huge time in updating kernel on thousands of machines. Let us discuss this 0:00 Intro 1:30 Linux Kernel Reboot Options 2:30 how kexec works 4:00 The optimization 5:00 Going through the patch 6:00 Upda…
 
We discuss the CVE-2022-2274 OpenSSL Vulnerability. The OpenSSL 3.0.4 release introduced a serious bug in the RSA implementation for X86_64 CPUs supporting the AVX512IFMA instructions. This issue makes the RSA implementation with 2048 bit private keys incorrect on such machines and memory corruption will happen during the computation. As a conseque…
 
Postgres 15 introduces a new syntax to treat nulls as not distinct. This will allow developers to create a unique constraint on nullable fields and have inserts with nulls fail instead of having it allowed based on today's standard. Fundamentals of Networking for Effective Backends udemy course (link redirects to udemy with coupon) https://network.…
 
memchr() is a function that searches in a memory block for a character, this has been recently improved in the latest linux patch and we can learn something from this improvement I think, lets discuss. https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Linux-Kernel-Faster-memchr Fundamentals of Networking for Effective Backends udemy course (link …
 
Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL-Compatible Edition now supports PostgreSQL major version 14 (14.3). Let us discuss this news. https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2022/06/amazon-aurora-supports-postgresql-14/ 0:00 Intro 1:00 Database on the Cloud options 3:45 Amazon Aurora supports Postgres 14 6:00 Postgres 14 vs Postgres 13…
 
Rogers Communications, the Canadian ISP is down. One of its ASNs (they have many) is AS812 with over 5 million IP addresses. Tried a few and none of them can be pinged from the US (not sure if ICMP is disabled or not) This is a huge deal for all Canadians and businesses affected. So sorry for every one who is affected by this, and kudus to all the …
 
In this episode of the backend engineering show I’ll discuss Fill Factor index property, an important key parameter for a good performing database. I will also discuss how it is a double edge sword and can break or Make your db.Chapters0:00 Intro1:48 Start of the Show4:30 Database Storage Representation6:30 IO Cost10:00 Index Page13:30 Page Splits …
 
YugabyteDB is a postgres compatible and cloud native database. Read committed isolation level is a critical feature and adding it might lure more postgres customer’s to move to the cloud native database. But will they compete in front of Google’s new AlloyDB ? 0:00 Yogabyte implements Read committed 4:20 Isolation Levels 8:40 Can YugabyteDB compete…
 
Fundamentals of Networking for Effective Backends udemy course (link redirects to udemy with coupon) https://network.husseinnasser.com Transport Layer security or TLS is a protocol that encrypted the communication between client and server. TLS can also be used to authenticate the server, when the client also requires authentication this is called …
 
In this episode we go through the cloud flare outage blog. https://blog.cloudflare.com/cloudflare-outage-on-june-21-2022/ Fundamentals of Networking for Effective Backends udemy course (link redirects to udemy with coupon) https://network.husseinnasser.com
 
In this episode of the backend engineering show I go through the Extensible Prioritization Scheme for HTTP. This RFC addresses the problem in HTTP where the client prefers certain requests to be served before others. This RFC was designed by Lucas Pardue from Cloudflare and Kazoo Oku from Fastly. 0:00 The Request Priority Problem 13:00 How RFC 9218…
 
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