In today's interconnected world, communication networks form the backbone of society, enabling global connectivity and innovation. However, these systems are vulnerable to cyber-attacks, as evidenced by Russian forces targeting satellite-based networks during the Ukraine war, disrupting crucial services. This highlights the need to protect critical…

While subduing the opponent's will has been the pinnacle of warfare since Sun Tzu, the existing notion of cognitive warfare has gained traction with the possibility of influencing the opponent directly via cyberspace and social media. Influence operations via cyberspace entail swaying public opinion, manipulative psychological warfare, and lawfare.…

Hybrid warfare operations embrace “anything that gets results” strategy, including significant information operations. Western democracies need to better understand the information operations that are undertaken against them. This will need to involve more rigorous observation, monitoring, and measurement of malign political campaigns undertaken ag…

Cognitive warfare and, particularly, disinformation, is now heavily reliant on social media platforms, cybertechnologies, and AI, with the aim to cause confusion, societal polarisation, mistrust, anger, and hatred against governments, organisations, communities, or opposing individuals. While disinformation is a global problem, early defences based…

Manoeuvre is still the most challenging phase of military operations. However, it has changed from the temporal-spatial coordination of physical combat power factors to a more mentally based control of, among other things, the intensity progression of armed conflicts. The targeted use of the culmination principle offers armed forces — in particular…

Foresight refers to the ability to make assumptions about probable future events based on the analysis of a situation. In a game of chess, for example, the player simulates his opponent's next moves in his head and looks for the appropriate answers. This way of thinking has also gained importance in the military context. Suppose one applies the sam…

The manoeuvrist approach is, at its most elemental, a mode of thought for overcoming military challenges. By analysing historical and contemporary contexts and incorporating insights from emerging technologies, a manoeuvrist perspective can enhance strategic foresight, agility, and innovation. This study posits that the principles of the manoeuvris…

Modern combat presents many challenges to combat arms, particularly in relation to manoeuvre warfare. Many theorists claim that the manoeuvre as a fighting approach is obsolete, suggesting that other approaches, such as attrition, are more relevant to the modern battlefield. To support the thesis, they argue that a manoeuvre is less relevant in con…

Manoeuvre warfare, while still valuable, is insufficient on its own to address the complexities of contemporary and future conflicts. The war in Ukraine, characterised by static front lines and attritional tactics, highlights its limitations. Military strategies must evolve to integrate both manoeuvre and positional warfare. A flexible, hybrid appr…

The concept of a 'Gentleman's War,' historically rooted in propriety and genteel rules, has traditionally downplayed the critical importance of strategy and manoeuvre. As modern warfare demands more complex approaches, the French term 'manœuvre,' with its inherently feminine connotations, emerges as particularly significant. During the Russia-Ukrai…

There is a lack of common understanding of the NATO doctrinal concepts of manoeuvre warfare and the manoeuvrist approach among practitioners and students. One reason is that after 30 years of stability and counterterrorism operations, NATO is now facing a perceived return to peer-to-peer conflict without fully considering the changes in context. An…

The current Russian campaign in Ukraine suggests that due to the ongoing Attrition Warfare, the Manoeuvrist Approach is becoming obsolete. Against this backdrop, the role of the operational level in accordance with military doctrine in terms of the general approach towards warfare is being examined. There is a focus on the linkage of these two appr…

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