Benchmarking

Postgres FM

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הוסף לפני three שנים

תוכן מסופק על ידי Michael Christofides and Nikolay Samokhvalov. כל תוכן הפודקאסטים כולל פרקים, גרפיקה ותיאורי פודקאסטים מועלים ומסופקים ישירות על ידי Michael Christofides and Nikolay Samokhvalov או שותף פלטפורמת הפודקאסט שלהם. אם אתה מאמין שמישהו משתמש ביצירה שלך המוגנת בזכויות יוצרים ללא רשותך, אתה יכול לעקוב אחר התהליך המתואר כאן https://he.player.fm/legal.

Lost Cultures: Living Legacies

1
Bermuda: The Crossroads of the Atlantic 51:57

לפני 16 ימים51:57

הפעל מאוחר יותר

רשימות

לייק

אהבתי

51:57

On the Season 2 debut of Lost Cultures: Living Legacies , we travel to Bermuda, an Atlantic island whose history spans centuries and continents. Once uninhabited, Bermuda became a vital stop in transatlantic trade, a maritime stronghold, and a cultural crossroads shaped by African, European, Caribbean, and Native American influences. Guests Dr. Kristy Warren and Dr. Edward Harris trace its transformation from an uninhabited island to a strategic outpost shaped by shipwrecks, colonization, the transatlantic slave trade, and the rise and fall of empires. Plus, former Director of Tourism Gary Phillips shares the story of the Gombey tradition, a vibrant performance art rooted in resistance, migration, and cultural fusion. Together, they reveal how Bermuda’s layered past continues to shape its people, culture, and identity today. You can also find us online at ⁠travelandleisure.com/lostcultures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices…

לפני שנתיים 36:46

MP3•בית הפרקים

Nikolay and Michael discuss benchmarking — reasons to do it, and some approaches, tools, and resources that can help.
Here are links to a few things we mentioned:

Towards Millions TPS (blog post by Alexander Korotkov)
Episode on testing
Episode on buffers
pgbench
sysbench
Improving Postgres Connection Scalability (blog post by Andres Freund)
pgreplay
pgreplay-go
JMeter
pg_qualstats
pg_query
Database experimenting/benchmarking (talk by Nikolay, 2018)
Database testing (talk by Nikolay at PGCon, 2022)
Systems Performance (Brendan Gregg’s book, chapter 12)
fio
Netdata
Subtransactions Considered Harmful (blog post by Nikolay including Netdata exports)
WAL compression benchmarks (by Vitaly from Postgres.ai)
Dumping/restoring a 1 TiB database benchmarks (by Vitaly from Postgres.ai)
PostgreSQL on EXT3/4, XFS, BTRFS and ZFS (talk slides from Tomas Vondra)
Insert benchmark on ARM and x86 cloud servers (blog post by Mark Callaghan)

------------------------

What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know by tweeting us on @samokhvalov / @michristofides / @PostgresFM, or by commenting on our Google doc.

If you would like to share this episode, here's a good link (and thank you!)

Postgres FM is brought to you by:

Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai
Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard

With special thanks to:

Jessie Draws for the amazing artwork

146 פרקים

#Tech #News #Tech News #Michael Christofides #Nikolay Samokhvalov #Postgres #PostgreSQL #Database #SQL #Technology

Benchmarking

Postgres FM

37 subscribers

published לפני שנתיים

שתפו

MP3•בית הפרקים

Nikolay and Michael discuss benchmarking — reasons to do it, and some approaches, tools, and resources that can help.
Here are links to a few things we mentioned:

Towards Millions TPS (blog post by Alexander Korotkov)
Episode on testing
Episode on buffers
pgbench
sysbench
Improving Postgres Connection Scalability (blog post by Andres Freund)
pgreplay
pgreplay-go
JMeter
pg_qualstats
pg_query
Database experimenting/benchmarking (talk by Nikolay, 2018)
Database testing (talk by Nikolay at PGCon, 2022)
Systems Performance (Brendan Gregg’s book, chapter 12)
fio
Netdata
Subtransactions Considered Harmful (blog post by Nikolay including Netdata exports)
WAL compression benchmarks (by Vitaly from Postgres.ai)
Dumping/restoring a 1 TiB database benchmarks (by Vitaly from Postgres.ai)
PostgreSQL on EXT3/4, XFS, BTRFS and ZFS (talk slides from Tomas Vondra)
Insert benchmark on ARM and x86 cloud servers (blog post by Mark Callaghan)

------------------------

What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know by tweeting us on @samokhvalov / @michristofides / @PostgresFM, or by commenting on our Google doc.

If you would like to share this episode, here's a good link (and thank you!)

Postgres FM is brought to you by:

Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai
Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard

With special thanks to:

Jessie Draws for the amazing artwork

146 פרקים

#Tech #News #Tech News #Michael Christofides #Nikolay Samokhvalov #Postgres #PostgreSQL #Database #SQL #Technology

כל הפרקים

1
How to move off RDS 47:33

לפני 7 ימים47:33

47:33

Nikolay and Michael discuss moving off managed services — when and why you might want to, and some tips on how for very large databases. Here are some links to things they mentioned: Patroni https://github.com/patroni/patroni pgBackRest https://github.com/pgbackrest/pgbackrest WAL-G https://github.com/wal-g/wal-g Hetzner Cloud https://www.hetzner.com/cloud Postgres Extensions Day https://pgext.day pg_wait_sampling https://github.com/postgrespro/pg_wait_sampling pg_stat_kcache https://github.com/powa-team/pg_stat_kcache auto_explain https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/auto-explain.html Fivetran https://www.fivetran.com pgcopydb https://github.com/dimitri/pgcopydb Kafka https://kafka.apache.org Debezium https://debezium.io max_slot_wal_keep_size https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-replication.html#GUC-MAX-SLOT-WAL-KEEP-SIZE log_statement DDL https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-logging.html#GUC-LOG-STATEMENT PgBouncer pause/resume https://www.pgbouncer.org/usage.html#pause-db ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is produced by: Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai With credit to: Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork…

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Locks 38:53

לפני 14 ימים38:53

38:53

Nikolay and Michael discuss heavyweight locks in Postgres — how to think about them, why you can't avoid them, and some tips for minimising issues. Here are some links to things they mentioned: Locking (docs) https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/explicit-locking.html Postgres rocks, except when it blocks (blog post by Marco Slot) https://www.citusdata.com/blog/2018/02/15/when-postgresql-blocks/ Lock Conflicts (tool by Hussein Nasser) https://pglocks.org/ log_lock_waits (docs) https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-logging.html#GUC-LOG-LOCK-WAITS How to analyze heavyweight lock trees (guide by Nikolay) https://gitlab.com/postgres-ai/postgresql-consulting/postgres-howtos/-/blob/main/0042_how_to_analyze_heavyweight_locks_part_2.md Lock management (docs) https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-locks.html Our episode on zero-downtime migrations https://postgres.fm/episodes/zero-downtime-migrations ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is produced by: Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai With credit to: Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork…

1
Top ten dangerous issues 46:28

לפני 28 ימים46:28

46:28

Nikolay and Michael discuss ten dangerous Postgres related issues — ones that might be painful enough to get onto the CTO and even CEOs desk, and then what you can do proactively. The ten issues discussed are: Heavy lock contention Bloat control and index maintenance Lightweight lock contention Transaction ID wraparound 4-byte integer PKs hitting the limit Replication limits Hard limits Data loss Poor HA choice (split brain) Corruption of various kinds Some previous episodes they mentioned that cover the issues in more detail: PgDog https://postgres.fm/episodes/pgdog Performance cliffs https://postgres.fm/episodes/performance-cliffs Zero-downtime migrations https://postgres.fm/episodes/zero-downtime-migrations Queues in Postgres https://postgres.fm/episodes/queues-in-postgres Bloat https://postgres.fm/episodes/bloat Index maintenance https://postgres.fm/episodes/index-maintenance Subtransactions https://postgres.fm/episodes/subtransactions Four million TPS https://postgres.fm/episodes/four-million-tps Transaction ID wraparound https://postgres.fm/episodes/transaction-id-wraparound pg_squeeze https://postgres.fm/episodes/pg_squeeze synchronous_commit https://postgres.fm/episodes/synchronous_commit Managed service support https://postgres.fm/episodes/managed-service-support And finally, some other things they mentioned: A great recent SQL Server-related podcast episode on tuning techniques https://kendralittle.com/2024/05/20/erik-darling-and-kendra-little-rate-sql-server-performance-tuning-techniques/ Postgres Indexes, Partitioning and LWLock:LockManager Scalability (blog post by Jeremy Schneider) https://ardentperf.com/2024/03/03/postgres-indexes-partitioning-and-lwlocklockmanager-scalability/ Do you vacuum everyday? (talk by Hannu Krosing) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JcRi8Z7rkPg pg_stat_wal https://pgpedia.info/p/pg_stat_wal.html The benefit of lz4 and zstd for Postgres WAL compression (Small Datum blog, Mark Callaghan) https://smalldatum.blogspot.com/2022/05/the-benefit-of-lz4-and-zstd-for.html Split-brain in case of network partition (CloudNativePG issue/discussion) https://github.com/cloudnative-pg/cloudnative-pg/discussions/7462 ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is produced by: Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai With credit to: Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork…

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synchronous_commit 50:53

לפני 5 weeks50:53

50:53

Nikolay and Michael discuss synchronous_commit — what it means on single node setups, for synchronous replication setups, and the pros and cons of the different options for each. Here are some links to things they mentioned: synchronous_commit https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-wal.html#GUC-SYNCHRONOUS-COMMIT synchronous_commit history on pgPedia https://pgpedia.info/s/synchronous_commit.html Patroni’s maximum_lag_on_failover setting https://patroni.readthedocs.io/en/master/replication_modes.html#asynchronous-mode-durability wal_writer_delay https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-wal.html#GUC-WAL-WRITER-DELAY Selective asynchronous commits in PostgreSQL - balancing durability and performance (blog post by Shayon Mukherjee) https://www.shayon.dev/post/2025/75/selective-asynchronous-commits-in-postgresql-balancing-durability-and-performance/ Asynchronous Commit https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/wal-async-commit.html synchronous_standby_names https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-replication.html#GUC-SYNCHRONOUS-STANDBY-NAMES Jepson article about Amazon RDS multi-AZ clusters (by Kyle Kingsbury, aka "Aphyr”) https://jepsen.io/analyses/amazon-rds-for-postgresql-17.4 ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is produced by: Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai With credit to: Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork…

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Managed service support 35:37

לפני 6 weeks35:37

35:37

Nikolay and Michael discuss managed service support — some tips on how to handle cases that aren't going well, tips for requesting features, whether to factor in support when choosing service provider, and whether to use one at all. Here are some links to things they mentioned: YugabyteDB’s new upgrade framework https://www.yugabyte.com/blog/postgresql-upgrade-framework Episode on Blue-green deployments https://postgres.fm/episodes/blue-green-deployments pg_createsubscriber https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/app-pgcreatesubscriber.html ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is produced by: Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai With credit to: Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork…

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Time-series considerations 42:42

לפני 8 weeks42:42

42:42

Nikolay and Michael discuss time-series considerations for Postgres — including when it matters, some tips for avoiding issues, performance considerations, and more. Here are some links to things they mentioned: Time series data https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_series TimescaleDB https://github.com/timescale/timescaledb 13 Tips to Improve PostgreSQL Insert Performance https://www.timescale.com/blog/13-tips-to-improve-postgresql-insert-performance Why we're leaving the cloud (37 Signals / Basecamp / David Heinemeier Hansson) https://world.hey.com/dhh/why-we-re-leaving-the-cloud-654b47e0 UUID v7 and partitioning (“how to” by Nikolay) https://gitlab.com/postgres-ai/postgresql-consulting/postgres-howtos/-/blob/main/0065_uuid_v7_and_partitioning_timescaledb.md pg_cron https://github.com/citusdata/pg_cron pg_partman https://github.com/pgpartman/pg_partman Our episode on BRIN indexes https://postgres.fm/episodes/brin-indexes Tutorial from Citus (Andres Freund and Marco Slot) including rollups https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ybz6zuXCPo IoT with PostgreSQL (talk by Chris Ellis) https://youtube.com/watch?v=KnUoDBGv4aw&t=58 pg_timeseries https://github.com/tembo-io/pg_timeseries DuckDB https://duckdb.org ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is produced by: Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai With credit to: Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork…

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Performance cliffs 38:08

לפני 9 weeks38:08

38:08

Nikolay and Michael are joined by Tomas Vondra to discuss single query performance cliffs — what they are, why they happen, some things we can do to make them less likely or less severe, and some potential improvements to Postgres that could help. Here are some links to things they mentioned: Tomas Vondra https://postgres.fm/people/tomas-vondra Where do performance cliffs come from? (Talk by Tomas) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UzdAelm-QSY Where do performance cliffs come from? (Slides) https://vondra.me/pdf/performance-cliffs-posette-2024.pdf Increase the number of fast-path lock slots (committed for Postgres 18) https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/E1ss4gX-000IvX-63%40gemulon.postgresql.org San Francisco Bay Area Postgres meet-up with Tomas on 8th April (online) https://www.meetup.com/postgresql-1/events/306484787 Our episode on Extended Statistics https://postgres.fm/episodes/extended-statistics Logging plan of the currently running query (proposed patch by Rafael Thofehrn Castro and Atsushi Torikoshi) https://commitfest.postgresql.org/patch/5330 Our episode with Peter Geoghegan on Skip Scan https://postgres.fm/episodes/skip-scan Index Prefetching patch that Tomas is collaborating with Peter Geoghegan on https://commitfest.postgresql.org/patch/4351 A generalized join algorithm, G-Join (paper by Goetz Graefe) https://dl.gi.de/server/api/core/bitstreams/ce8e3fab-0bac-45fc-a6d4-66edaa52d574/content Smooth Scan: Robust Access Path Selection without Cardinality Estimation (paper by R. Borovica, S. Idreos, A. Ailamaki, M. Zukowski, C. Fraser) https://stratos.seas.harvard.edu/sites/g/files/omnuum4611/files/stratos/files/smoothscan.pdf Just-in-Time Compilation (JIT) https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/jit.html Notes from a pgconf.dev unconference session in 2024 about JIT (discusses issues) https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/PGConf.dev_2024_Developer_Unconference#JIT_compilation Implementing an alternative JIT provider for PostgreSQL (by Xing Guo) https://higuoxing.com/archives/implementing-jit-provider-for-pgsql Tomas’ Office Hours https://vondra.me/posts/office-hours-experiment ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is produced by: Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai With special thanks to: Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork…

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PgDog 48:34

לפני 10 weeks48:34

48:34

Nikolay and Michael are joined by Lev Kokotov to discuss PgDog — including whether or when sharding is needed, the origin story (via PgCat), what's already supported, and what's coming next. Here are some links to things they mentioned: Lev Kokotov https://postgres.fm/people/lev-kokotov PgDog https://github.com/pgdogdev/pgdog PgCat https://github.com/postgresml/pgcat Adopting PgCat (Instacart blog post) https://www.instacart.com/company/how-its-made/adopting-pgcat-a-nextgen-postgres-proxy PgDog discussion on Hacker News https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43364668 Citus https://github.com/citusdata/citus Sharding & IDs at Instagram (blog post) https://instagram-engineering.com/sharding-ids-at-instagram-1cf5a71e5a5c Sharding pgvector (blog post by Lev) https://pgdog.dev/blog/sharding-pgvector ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is produced by: Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai With special thanks to: Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork…

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Snapshots 44:05

לפני 11 weeks44:05

44:05

Nikolay talks Michael through using cloud snapshots — how they can be used to reduce RTO for huge Postgres setups, also to improve provisioning time, and some major catches to be aware of. Here are some links to things they mentioned: Snapshots on RDS https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_CreateSnapshot.html pgBackRest https://pgbackrest.org WAL-G https://github.com/wal-g/wal-g pg_backup_start and pg_backup_stop (docs) https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-BACKUP How to troubleshoot long Postgres startup (by Nikolay) https://gitlab.com/postgres-ai/postgresql-consulting/postgres-howtos/-/blob/main/0003_how_to_troubleshoot_long_startup.md Restoring to a DB instance (RDS docs mentioning lazy loading) https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_RestoreFromSnapshot.html Amazon EBS fast snapshot restore https://docs.aws.amazon.com/ebs/latest/userguide/ebs-fast-snapshot-restore.html Our 100th episode “To 100TB, and beyond!” https://postgres.fm/episodes/to-100tb-and-beyond ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is produced by: Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai With credit to: Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork…

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GIN Indexes 40:59

לפני 12 weeks40:59

40:59

Nikolay and Michael discuss GIN indexes in Postgres — what they are, what they're used for, and some limitations to be aware of. Here are some links to things they mentioned: GIN Indexes https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/gin.html Generalized Search Trees for Database Systems (Hellerstein, Naughton, Pfeffer) https://dsf.berkeley.edu/papers/vldb95-gist.pdf RUM extension https://pgxn.org/dist/rum/1.1.0/ Understanding Postgres GIN Indexes: The Good and the Bad (Lukas Fittl) https://pganalyze.com/blog/gin-index ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is produced by: Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai With credit to: Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork…

1
Best Practices 40:49

לפני 13 weeks40:49

40:49

Nikolay and Michael use a recent "best practices" article as a prompt — giving a few tips each on the topics mentioned, like schema design, performance, backups, and more. Here are some links to things they mentioned: 7 Crucial PostgreSQL Best Practices (recent blog post) https://speakdatascience.com/postgresql-best-practices “Don't do this” episode https://postgres.fm/episodes/dont-do-this Article discussion on Hacker News https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42992913 Mozilla’s SQL Style Guide https://docs.telemetry.mozilla.org/concepts/sql_style “SQL vs NoSQL” episode with Franck Pachot https://postgres.fm/episodes/sql-vs-nosql HA episode https://postgres.fm/episodes/high-availability ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is produced by: Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai With credit to: Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork…

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Extended Statistics 32:41

לפני 14 weeks32:41

32:41

Nikolay and Michael discuss the CREATE STATISTICS feature in Postgres — what it's for, how often it's used, and how to spot cases where it would help. Here are some links to things they mentioned: CREATE STATISTICS https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createstatistics.html citext https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/citext.html Statistics Used by the Planner https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/planner-stats.html default_statistics_target https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-query.html#GUC-DEFAULT-STATISTICS-TARGET Tomáš Vondra on Postgres TV https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8la-OWfD3VI Recent commit to Postgres 18 for pg_upgrade https://git.postgresql.org/gitweb/?p=postgresql.git;a=commit;h=1fd1bd871012732e3c6c482667d2f2c56f1a9395 Multivariate Statistics Examples https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/multivariate-statistics-examples.html Extended statistics (README) https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/master/src/backend/statistics/README How we used Postgres extended statistics to achieve a 3000x speedup (blog post by Jared Rulison) https://build.affinity.co/how-we-used-postgres-extended-statistics-to-achieve-a-3000x-speedup-ea93d3dcdc61 ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is produced by: Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai With credit to: Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork…

1
SQL vs NoSQL 50:01

לפני 16 weeks50:01

50:01

Nikolay and Michael are joined by Franck Pachot to discuss SQL vs NoSQL — did Franck change teams by joining MongoDB, normalisation vs denormalisation, developer experience, NULLs, and more! Here are some links to things they mentioned: Franck Pachot https://postgres.fm/people/franck-pachot Franck's workshop at PGConf India https://pgconf.in/conferences/pgconfin2025/program/proposals/958 PostgreSQL Conference Germany https://2025.pgconf.de "Schema Later" Considered Harmful by Michael Stonebraker and Álvaro Hernández https://www.enterprisedb.com/blog/schema-later-considered-harmful Comparison of JOINS by Michael Stonebraker and Álvaro Hernández https://www.enterprisedb.com/blog/comparison-joins-mongodb-vs-postgresql Franck’s post about why he joined MongoDB https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/2025-im-joining-mongodb-franck-pachot-e4shf EdgeDB https://www.edgedb.com Nikolay’s tweet about a recent issue with NULLs https://x.com/samokhvalov/status/1889078097124999272 PartiQL https://docs.aws.amazon.com/amazondynamodb/latest/developerguide/ql-reference.html FerretDB https://www.ferretdb.com DocumentDB https://github.com/microsoft/documentdb ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is produced by: Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai With special thanks to: Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork…

לפני 50 weeks51:21

51:21

Nikolay and Michael discuss foreign keys in Postgres — what they are, their benefits, their overhead, some edge cases to be aware of, some improvements coming, and whether or not they generally recommend using them. Here are some links to things they mentioned: Foreign keys (docs) https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/ddl-constraints.html#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-FK Our episode about constraints: https://postgres.fm/episodes/constraints GitLab migration helper add_concurrent_foreign_key https://github.com/gitlabhq/gitlabhq/blob/master/rubocop/cop/migration/add_concurrent_foreign_key.rb Adding a foreign key without downtime (tweet by Nikolay) https://x.com/samokhvalov/status/1732056107483636188 Bloat, pg_repack, and deferred constraints (blog post by Miro) https://medium.com/miro-engineering/postgresql-bloat-pg-repack-and-deferred-constraints-d0ecf33337ec Postgres 17 draft release notes, server configuration section https://www.postgresql.org/docs/17/release-17.html#RELEASE-17-SERVER-CONFIG Our 100th episode https://postgres.fm/episodes/to-100tb-and-beyond Stop! Trigger Time (blog post by Michael) https://www.pgmustard.com/blog/trigger-time Should I Create an Index on Foreign Keys? (Blog post by Percona) https://www.percona.com/blog/should-i-create-an-index-on-foreign-keys-in-postgresql Avoid Postgres performance cliffs with MultiXact IDs and foreign keys (5 min video by Lukas Fittl) https://pganalyze.com/blog/5mins-postgres-multiXact-ids-foreign-keys-performance Experiment to see basic overhead of foreign keys https://v2.postgres.ai/chats/01902ee6-8ed1-70ec-9345-5606305012f4 Experiment showing an extreme contention case https://v2.postgres.ai/chats/018fb28d-865f-788d-adb7-efa7ed3a48c4 Subtransactions Considered Harmful (blog post by Nikolay) https://postgres.ai/blog/20210831-postgresql-subtransactions-considered-harmful Notes on some PostgreSQL implementation details (blog post by Nelson Elhage that mentions “subtransactions are cursed”) https://buttondown.email/nelhage/archive/notes-on-some-postgresql-implementation-details ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is brought to you by: Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard With special thanks to: Jessie Draws for the amazing artwork…

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