1/4: This file introduces the early lives of George Gamow and Fred Hoyle. George Gamow (Georgy Antonovich Gamow) was born in Odessa in March 1904. His father, Anton Gamow, taught Lev Bronstein (later Leon Trotsky). Gamow attended Petrograd University (now

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1/4: This file introduces the early lives of George Gamow and Fred Hoyle. George Gamow (Georgy Antonovich Gamow) was born in Odessa in March 1904. His father, Anton Gamow, taught Lev Bronstein (later Leon Trotsky). Gamow attended Petrograd University (now St. Petersburg), studying under Alexander Friedmann, who developed solutions to Einstein's general relativity describing universal expansion. After Friedmann's death in 1925, Gamow switched to quantum and nuclear physics, discovering alpha particle decay and quantum tunneling. He went to Niels Bohr's Institute in Copenhagen. Disliking communist intrusion into science, he attempted escaping the Soviet Union via rubber kayak across the Black Sea to Turkey, but storms forced them back. Niels Bohr arranged their escape via the 1933 Solvay conference, eventually reaching George Washington University. Fred Hoyle was born in 1915 in West Yorkshire; his mother played classical music for silent films, and Hoyle learned reading from film subtitles.
Flashes of Creation: George Gamow, Fred Hoyle, and the Great Big Bang Debate, by Paul Halpern