Unclonable Non-Interactive Zero Knowledge in the Quantum Random Oracle Model

Web3 Tech Brief By HackerNoon

This story was originally published on HackerNoon at: https://hackernoon.com/unclonable-non-interactive-zero-knowledge-in-the-quantum-random-oracle-model.
Research on Unclonable Non-Interactive Zero Knowledge in the Quantum Random Oracle Model
Check more stories related to web3 at: https://hackernoon.com/c/web3. You can also check exclusive content about #zero-knowledge, #unclonable-zero-knowledge, #quantum-random-oracle-model, #zero-knowledge-proofs, #zero-knowledge-research, #hackernoon-scholar, #escholar, #hackernoon-top-story, #hackernoon-es, #hackernoon-hi, #hackernoon-zh, #hackernoon-fr, #hackernoon-bn, #hackernoon-ru, #hackernoon-vi, #hackernoon-pt, #hackernoon-ja, #hackernoon-de, #hackernoon-ko, #hackernoon-tr, and more.
This story was written by: @escholar. Learn more about this writer by checking @escholar's about page, and for more stories, please visit hackernoon.com.
A non-interactive ZK (NIZK) proof enables verification of NP statements without revealing secrets about them. However, an adversary that obtains a NIZK proof may be able to clone this proof and distribute arbitrarily many copies of it to various entities: this is inevitable for any proof that takes the form of a classical string. In this paper, we ask whether it is possible to rely on quantum information in order to build NIZK proof systems that are impossible to clone. We define and construct unclonable non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs (of knowledge) for NP. Besides satisfying the zero-knowledge and proof of knowledge properties, these proofs additionally satisfy unclonability. Very roughly, this ensures that no adversary can split an honestly generated proof of membership of an instance x in an NP language L and distribute copies to multiple entities that all obtain accepting proofs of membership of x in L. Our result has applications to unclonable signatures of knowledge, which we define and construct in this work; these non-interactively prevent replay attacks.